Neurostimulation and qEEG
Brain Mapping
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How do neurostimulation and brain mapping sessions work?

Step 1: Brain Mapping
A map of the brain is made with qEEG. The brain map shows clinicians where the brain functioning well and where it is getting “stuck”. This can tell you more information about your diagnosis than testing alone. Based on your unique brain map a neurostimulation plan made.
The brain has many phases or types of thinking that the brain map can let you and your therapist better understand your unique psychology and the “flavor” of the disorder you are treating. The map can help you and your therapist understand your brain.

Step 2: Neurostimulation
During neurostimulation you wear a cap with electrodes that can mimic the frequency of the neurons in your brain. The cap uses frequencies called phases that mimic the natural way that neurons talk to each other in the brain.
The cap can directly “talk” to the neurons in the brain during stimulation sessions. The stimulation opens new neural pathways and teaches the brain new tricks, like how to focus or better tolerate stress and pain. Over active or underactive parts of the brain can be turned up or down. +

Step 3: Neurofeedback
Once neurostimulation makes new neural pathways and opens new connections we use neurofeedback to reinforce them and make them stronger. This makes the progress permanent without medication or expensive long term therapy.
This can boost concentration, improve focus, increase athletic and academic performance, or make learning easier. It can also reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, trauma and ASD autism spectrum disorder quickly and less expensively than other methods.

What happens in a neurostim session?
First your brain is mapped. A brain mapping clinician goes over the map with you and explains where your brain is healthy and what functioning is blocked.
Second, you complete neurstimulation to open new creative pathways and regain lost functioning.
Third, neurofeedback is used to help your brain strengthen the new neural pathways created by neurostim.
What’s the difference in Neurofeedback, TCMS, Biofeedback, MCNF, and Neurostimulation?
Microcurrent neurofeedback, biofeedback, and transcranial magnetic stimulation are older technologies that use different kinds of frequencies to wash the whole brain with digital white noise and “reset” it.
Neurostimulation uses a more gentle frequency that mimics your brains natural phases to “talk” to the brain.
Neurostimulation is the only technology that can stimulate bio uses modulation reprogramming
What conditions neurostimulation and brain mapping treat?
Simply put it neurofeedback and neurostimulation treat too many conditions to list here. Bipolar disorder, anxiety, depression, PTSD, ASD autism spectrum disorder, dissociation, mood disorders, chronic pain and childhood emotional disorders are just a few of the conditions research shows neurostimulation can improve. Additionally neurostimulation can improve outcomes in eating disorders and substance abuse recovery.
What can a brain map tell me about how I think?
The neurons in your brain acomplish different types of thinking by synchronizing together at different frequencies. Each of these frequencies is a different kind of cognition or “style” of thiking. If you have ever taken an MBTI or an eneagram you have seen how we often prefer to think one way while avoiding other modes of thought. This is too our detriment” No one way of thinking is “good” or “bad” but when our neurons get stuck in one type of cognition we often get stuck in life.
Bad habits, chronic pain, stress, or emotional outbursts can be caused by our neural pathways clinging to a rigid mode of thinking that is keeping us from changing and growing. Your brain’s map can help you understand what you need to change. You can use the map not only to build a neurostimulation plan, but also to discover the best type of therapy for you and what you need to heal. You can use the brain map at Taproot, with a therapist from somewhere else or just to understand yourself better.

What You Need to Know About Neurostimulation and Brain Mapping
Neurostimulation is a state of the art new therapy technique that can open new neural connections and rewire “stuck” passage ways in the brain to help you grow and heal. Unlike other forms of brain feedback, neurostimulation is a natural process that mimicks the way we learn as children to help the brain regain plasticity and form new neural networks. Trauma, brain injury, aging and neurodevelopmental conditions can stop brain growth. Brain mapping is the most temporally accurate method of analyzing brain function and personality. It can give more useful information than therapy or psychometrics alone. You can use the information from your brain map to validate your intuition about your diagnosis, plan treatment with your therapist, make decisions about medication, and know what you need to heal and grow.
Peak Neuroscience uses your brain map to create a neurostimulation plan that can help your brain become alive and grow and heal. The brain map shows places where trauma, injury, mental health diagnoses, and aging have hurt the brain. Neurostimulation utilizes the brains natural healing processes to restore the capacity for growth like when you were a child. Neurostimulation lets our neural cap become part of the brain and “talk” to it’s neurons directly so we can teach it how to heal. The results of this process can be permanent and indefinently reduce or eliminate the need for medication in certain disorders. Many therapists and clinics dont listen to you, but brain mapping can give you direct proof of what is happening in the brain.
Neurons think in frequencies. When neural networks and conections from durring learning these neurons frequencies harmonize. When the brain’s normal functioning is interupted these frequencies break and no longer communicate. This makes the brains normal communication channels break down. Peak Neuroscience’s clinicians call these frequencies “phases” and use them to understand how your personality operates and what your brain needs to heal. Neurostimolation is the only method of stimulation or feedback that can gently stimulate your brains neural network in a way that is unique to your brain. It is the only kind of feedback or stimulation that helps you grow and heal based on your unique diagnosis and needs. This stimulation is not based on a clinicians opinion or testing taking measurements from outside the brain. It is based on a brain map taken fro your brains unique fingerprint with all parts of treatment catered to the unique you.
For more technical information about neurostimulation and brain mapping, click here.
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Neurostimulation,
Brain Mapping and Neurofeedback
Therapy FAQs


Our brain is mapping the world. Often that map is distorted, but it’s a map with constant immediate sensory input.
– EO Wilson

How do I use the Brain Map?
Therapy and psychometric testing is an imperfect attempt to see inside the brain from the outside. qEEG brainmapping can allow you to see inside the brain with less uncertainty, subjective error and clinical bias. The brain map can be used to create a neurostim plan but it can be used to do many other things to. Your brain map helps you and your therapist understand the way you think. It can provide objective proof of suspicions that you have about how your brain works and what it needs to heal.
The brain map can help your therapist understand what is happening in your brain and what treatment is best. Your thereapist is welcome to join us for the presentation of your brain map. You can do this virtually or in person. You can even do therapy with your therapist during neurostim, even if they are not at Taproot, while you recieve neurostimulation to reinforce the brain training.
Your brain map can help you understand yourself and your life in a different way. It can help you love and accept parts of you that you did not not understand and point you on the path to growth and healing. You can use it in therapy or individually to finally find what you are missing to grow and heal.
What are the Benefits of Neurostimulation?
Neurostimulation treats many psychological disorders and symptoms, but it can also have many secondary benefits. Neurostimulation can enhance creativity, reduce anxiety and depression, help academic performance, enhance focus and concentration, and help athletes maintain optimal athletic performance. Additionally, neurostimulation and neurofeedback can reduce the symptoms of bipolar disorder, manic depressive, OCD and ADHD permanently and without medication.
Is neurostimulation evidence based? Is there research about neurofeedback?
Yes! Even though the neurostimulation technology is state of the art and a cutting edge treatment for PTSD it has been used and researched for yeas by large institutions like The VA Veterans Administration, John’s Hopkin’s and The Mayo Clinic. Neurostimulation is non invasive and does not require surgery or have the side effects of medication. The results are often permanent.
You can read the most recent research on neurostimulation here.
What does Neurostimulation feel like?
Some people find neurostimulation relaxing, but most feel nothing durring sessions and notice the benefits after the session when symptoms reduce. Neurostimulation is a integrative and natural way to harness the brain’s own healing power. Neurostimulation harnesses the brains natural frequency responses to build new neural connections and reinforce positive neural pathways. Research shows that patients with TBI (traumatic brain injury) or memory loss have found that it can help the brain reroute connections around damage and heal damaged parts of the neural network.
Is neurostimulation and neurofeedback safe?
Yes! The FDA approved neurostimulation safe for consumer use and multiple research studies have confirmed it’s efficacy for a number of conditions. The technology is state of the art and new to the private sector but large institutions like Mayo Clinic, The VA, and John’s Hopkin’s have been using it for years. Now it is availible to you through collaboration between Peak Neuroscience and Taproot Therapy Collective.
Unlike other methods neurostimulation is naturaland holistic. It mimics the brains innate processes to harness the brain’s own natural healing ability. Neurostimulation recreates the processes of the growing and the developing brain so that the brain can learn new things like when you were a child!
Because Dr. Jay Mishalanie was such an early adopter of this new technology, he has more experience than many using this rare and exciting technology. Interpreting the brain maps and creating the stim plans is half art half science. This technology takes years to train in and Dr. Mishalaine was a pioneer in the neuroscience field with years of experience. You are in good hands!
How much does Neurostimulation cost?
Because there are so few people trained in reading the qEEG Brainmaps the price can vary based on availible clinical psychologists. The average cost is around $100 per session, however we run promos and discounts all the time! Sign up for our mailing list below to be alerted about specials that make therapy more affordable.
What Kind of Brain Waves Can QEEG Detect?
qEEG brain mapping is a powerful tool used by healthcare professionals to analyze various types of brain waves, including delta, alpha, theta, beta, and high beta waves. These waves, with their unique frequencies, provide valuable insights into a person’s neurological functioning and potential cognitive or mental health issues. In order to rank highly on Google SEO, we will delve deeper into what these waves feel like and how they impact thinking.
Delta Waves:
Delta waves are the slowest brain waves, with a frequency of 0.5-4 Hz. They are typically associated with deep sleep and can also be present in coma patients. The sensation of delta waves is often described as a profound state of relaxation, where the mind is in a state of rest and rejuvenation.
Alpha Waves:
Alpha waves have a frequency of 8-12 Hz and are usually observed when a person is awake but relaxed. They are commonly experienced when closing the eyes or practicing meditation. Decreased alpha waves may be linked to anxiety or depression, while increased alpha waves may indicate improved relaxation and stress reduction. The sensation of alpha waves is often described as a state of calmness and peacefulness.
Theta Waves:
Theta waves have a frequency of 4-8 Hz and are typically observed during light sleep or drowsiness. They may also be present during meditation or creative activities. In qEEG brain mapping, an increase in theta waves may be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), while a decrease in theta waves may be associated with cognitive decline in older adults. The sensation of theta waves is often described as a dreamy, introspective state.
Beta Waves:
Beta waves have a frequency of 12-30 Hz and are usually present when a person is awake and engaged in cognitive or physical activities. They are associated with alertness, focus, and concentration. Abnormalities in beta waves can be linked to conditions such as anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The sensation of beta waves is often described as a state of heightened awareness and mental activity.
High Beta Waves:
High beta waves have a frequency of 30-40 Hz and are often associated with intense cognitive or physical activities, such as problem-solving or exercise. An increase in high beta waves in qEEG brain mapping may be associated with conditions such as ADHD or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The sensation of high beta waves is often described as a state of heightened mental alertness and intense focus.
Summary of How QEEG Uses Brain Waves
The analysis of delta, alpha, theta, beta, and high beta waves in qEEG brain mapping can provide valuable information about a person’s neurological functioning and potential cognitive or mental health issues. The nuance in the brain map is about the way we use these types of thinking and the interplay between them. By identifying abnormalities in these brain waves, healthcare professionals can develop more targeted and effective treatment plans for their patients. By understanding the unique sensations associated with these waves, healthcare professionals can gain insights into a person’s brain activity and develop targeted treatment plans for improved cognitive function. Stay informed and take charge of your brain health with qEEG brain mapping.

What are the Parts of the QEEG Brain Map
The QEEG brain map results provide information about different brain speeds, such as delta, theta, alpha, beta, and high beta, which correspond to different states based on circadian rhythms. Colors on the map indicate whether the brain is using these speeds at higher or lower levels than optimal. The top row of heads on the map represents the overall power of each speed, while the relative power shows which speed is being used the most and the least in comparison to others.
The parameters at the bottom of the map, including amplitude, asymmetry, coherence, and phase lag, represent the communication between different brain areas, similar to networks in the brain. The dots on the map represent different areas of the brain, labeled with F for frontal areas responsible for attention and executive function, C for central areas, T for temporal areas responsible for auditory processing and emotional regulation, and O for occipital areas responsible for visual processing. A close-to-optimal map with minimal lines indicates efficient communication between brain areas in this example. Overall, QEG provides valuable information about the functioning of the human brain and can help in understanding brain patterns and states.
What is an Example of a QEEG Brain Map?
QEEG brain map can provide valuable information about the electrical activity of the brain and can help identify patterns or abnormalities that may be associated with various neurological or psychiatric conditions. Here are some examples of what a QEEG brain map might show:
Example of a QEEG Brain Map for ADHD
Let’s say a patient presents with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as difficulty concentrating, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. A QEEG brain map may reveal an excess of theta (4-8 Hz) waves and a deficiency of beta (12-30 Hz) waves in the prefrontal cortex, which is the region of the brain responsible for executive functions such as attention, decision-making, and impulse control.
This pattern of excess theta and deficient beta activity in the prefrontal cortex has been associated with ADHD in previous research. Based on this QEEG finding, a healthcare professional may recommend neurofeedback therapy to help train the patient’s brain to increase beta activity in the prefrontal cortex and decrease theta activity, potentially leading to a reduction in ADHD symptoms.
It’s important to note that QEEG brain maps should be interpreted by a qualified healthcare professional who has expertise in EEG and neurofeedback. The interpretation of QEEG results should take into account the patient’s clinical history and other factors, and the results should not be used to make a diagnosis without additional evaluation.
Example of a QEEG Brain Map Autism
An analysis of a child’s brain using a QEEG brain map might reveal an atypical pattern of electrical activity in the temporal and frontal lobes, which are regions crucial for social communication and langauge processing. Based on these QEEG results, a healthcare professional may suggest neurofeedback therapy as a potential intervention. The goal of this therapy would be to train the child’s brain to reduce theta and alpha activity in the temporal and frontal lobes, which could potentially enhance their language and social communication abilities. The therapy might involve engaging the child in interactive games or exercises that offer real-time feedback on their brain activity, aiding them in learning self-regulation of their brain function.
Example of a QEEG Brain Map Chronic Pain
Imagine a patient grappling with chronic pain that persists despite conventional treatments like medications and physical therapy. However, an innovative approach utilizing a QEEG brain map might shed light on the issue by uncovering an intriguing pattern of abnormal electrical activity within the somatosensory cortex. This particular region of the brain plays a vital role in processing sensory information, encompassing touch, pressure, and pain.
Notably, the QEEG assessment may unveil heightened activity in the delta (0-4 Hz) and alpha (8-12 Hz) frequency bands within the somatosensory cortex. Fascinatingly, these frequency bands have been closely associated with pain processing and the complex experience of chronic pain.
Drawing from this remarkable QEEG discovery, a healthcare professional may introduce the concept of neurofeedback therapy, an empowering avenue to train the patient’s brain to reduce delta and alpha activity within the somatosensory cortex, potentially leading to a remarkable alleviation of their pain perception. Neurofeedback therapy, an embodiment of technological ingenuity, enables the patient to receive real-time feedback regarding their brain’s activity, effectively empowering them to master the art of self-regulating their brain function. This captivating therapy holds the promise of transforming the patient’s relationship with pain and bestowing them with newfound control over their well-being.
What is an Example of a Neurostimulation Plan?
NeuroField is a type of neurostimulation that uses low-intensity electromagnetic fields to modulate brain activity. The device can be programmed to target specific regions of the brain and modulate the activity of neurons in those regions. Here’s are two examples of a NeuroField neurostimulation plan and what would be modulated:
Example of a Neurostimulation plan for Parkinson’s Disease:
Target region for parkinson’s disease:
The primary motor cortex (PMC) is a region of the brain that is involved in the planning and execution of voluntary movements. Abnormal activity in the PMC has been implicated in various movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease.
Modulation for parkinson’s disease:
The NeuroField device would be programmed to deliver low-intensity electromagnetic fields to the PMC to modulate its activity. The fields would be timed and calibrated to match the natural rhythm of the brain’s activity in the PMC. This would help to normalize the activity of neurons in the PMC and improve movement control.
Treatment sessions for parkinson’s disease:
The patient would attend multiple treatment sessions, each lasting approximately 20-30 minutes. During the session, the NeuroField device would be placed on specific regions of the scalp to target the PMC. The patient may feel a mild sensation of warmth or tingling during the treatment, but it should not be painful or uncomfortable.
Follow-up evaluations for parkinson’s disease:
After the treatment sessions are complete, the patient would undergo a follow-up evaluation to assess changes in symptoms and to determine if additional sessions are needed. A QEEG brain map may be repeated to evaluate changes in brain activity and to guide further treatment.
Example of a Neurostimulation plan for Major Depressive Disorder:
Target region for major depressive disorder:
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a region of the brain that is involved in cognitive control and emotion regulation. Abnormal activity in the DLPFC has been implicated in major depressive disorder.
Modulation for major depressive disorder:
The NeuroField device would be programmed to deliver low-intensity electromagnetic fields to the DLPFC to modulate its activity. The fields would be timed and calibrated to match the natural rhythm of the brain’s activity in the DLPFC. This would help to normalize the activity of neurons in the DLPFC and improve emotion regulation.
Treatment sessions for major depressive disorder:
The patient would attend multiple treatment sessions, each lasting approximately 20-30 minutes. During the session, the NeuroField device would be placed on specific regions of the scalp to target the DLPFC. The patient may feel a mild sensation of warmth or tingling during the treatment, but it should not be painful or uncomfortable.
Follow-up evaluations for major depressive disorder:
After the treatment sessions are complete, the patient would undergo a follow-up evaluation to assess changes in symptoms and to determine if additional sessions are needed. A QEEG brain map may be repeated to evaluate changes in brain activity and to guide further treatment.
Example of a Neurostimulation plan for PTSD and Anxiety
Target region for PTSD and Anxiety:
The amygdala is a region of the brain that plays a key role in the processing of emotions, particularly fear and anxiety. Abnormal activity in the amygdala has been implicated in anxiety disorders.
Modulation for PTSD and Anxiety:
The NeuroField device would be programmed to deliver low-intensity electromagnetic fields to the amygdala to modulate its activity. The fields would be timed and calibrated to match the natural rhythm of the brain’s activity in the amygdala. This would help to normalize the activity of neurons in the amygdala and reduce anxiety.
Treatment sessions for PTSD and Anxiety :
The patient would attend multiple treatment sessions, each lasting approximately 20-30 minutes. During the session, the NeuroField device would be placed on specific regions of the scalp to target the amygdala. The patient may feel a mild sensation of warmth or tingling during the treatment, but it should not be painful or uncomfortable.
Follow-up evaluations for PTSD and Anxiety:
After the treatment sessions are complete, the patient would undergo a follow-up evaluation to assess changes in symptoms and to determine if additional sessions are needed. A QEEG brain map may be repeated to evaluate changes in brain activity and to guide further treatment.
Additional Information on Neurstimulation Plans:
It’s important to note that the use of NeuroField for anxiety disorders is still being studied, and more research is needed to determine its effectiveness and safety. The neurostimulation plan should be conducted under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional who has expertise in EEG and neurostimulation. The treatment plan should be tailored to the individual patient’s needs and should take into account the patient’s clinical history and other factors.

How is the QEEG Brain Map Analyzed?
By capturing functional images of the brain’s electrical waves, QEEG brain maps offer valuable information about brain patterns and states. Many people are currious how the brain maps are interpreted. The process of interpreting and analyzing QEEG brain maps takes years to learn and the technology is so new that few peole have been trained in reading them. Interpreting the maps is half art half science. Dr. Jason Mishalanie, PhD, BCN was an early adopter of the technology and has more experience than almost anyonein the field.
Interpretation of QEEG Brain Maps:
QEEG brain maps are generated by analyzing the electrical activity of the brain recorded through specialized caps with multiple electrodes placed on the scalp. These maps typically display different brain speeds, including delta, theta, alpha, beta, and high beta, which correspond to different states based on circadian rhythms. Interpretation of these brain speeds involves analyzing the colors displayed on the map, which indicate whether the brain is using these speeds at higher or lower levels than optimal.
Colors on the QEEG brain map:
The colors on the QEEG brain map play a crucial role in interpreting the brain’s activity. Yellow, orange, and red colors indicate that the brain is using one to three levels too high of a particular speed, while blue colors suggest that the brain is using one to three levels too low of that speed. This color-coded information helps in identifying any imbalances or irregularities in brain activity, providing valuable insights into the functioning of the brain.
Overall power and relative power:
The top row of heads on the QEEG brain map represents the overall power of each brain speed, indicating how charged up the brain is overall. This information helps in understanding the overall activity levels of different brain speeds. Additionally, the relative power displayed on the map shows which brain speed is being used the most and the least in comparison to others. This data provides important clues about the brain’s dominant and less dominant activity levels, aiding in the interpretation of QEEG brain maps.
Parameters at the bottom of the map:
The QEEG brain maps also include parameters at the bottom of the map that provide insights into the communication between different brain areas. These parameters, including amplitude, asymmetry, coherence, and phase lag, represent the networks in the brain and how different areas communicate with each other. For instance, frontal areas responsible for attention and executive function are labeled with “F,” central areas with “C,” temporal areas with “T,” and occipital areas with “O.” The analysis of these parameters and the lines connecting different areas on the map help in understanding the efficiency of communication between brain regions.
Z-Score
The Z-score coherence is a measure of functional connectivity between two regions of the brain. It provides an estimate of the strength of the coherence between the signals recorded from different electrode sites, compared to a database. The coherence is a measure of the degree to which two signals are synchronized or correlated, indicating the degree of functional connectivity between different brain regions. The Z-score is a statistical measure of how far the coherence value is from the average coherence value in the normative database.
The Z-score amplitude is a measure of the power or strength of the electrical activity in a particular frequency band within a specific region of the brain. The amplitude is the measurement of the size or magnitude of a particular EEG wave. The Z-score amplitude is the statistical comparison of the amplitude value of a particular frequency band within a specific region of the brain compared to a normative database.
Both Z-score coherence and amplitude are useful in the assessment of brain function and dysfunction. They can provide valuable information about the patterns of brain activity associated with various neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, anxiety, and traumatic brain injury. Z-score coherence and amplitude can also be used to guide neurostimulation treatments to target specific brain regions and frequencies for optimal outcomes.
Amplitude Asymmetry
Amplitude asymmetry refers to the difference in the electrical activity between the left and right hemispheres of the brain. It is typically measured as the difference in amplitude between homologous electrode sites located on each hemisphere. An abnormal amplitude asymmetry may suggest a disruption in the normal functioning of the brain, and has been associated with various neurological and psychiatric conditions, including depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.
Phase Lag
Phase lag is a measure of the delay in the propagation of neural signals between different regions of the brain. It is a measure of the temporal relationship between two or more EEG signals recorded from different electrode sites. Phase lag is typically calculated by measuring the time delay between two signals at a given frequency. An abnormal phase lag may suggest a disruption in the normal communication between different brain regions, and has been associated with various neurological and psychiatric conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and traumatic brain injury.
Implications of QEEG Brain Map Interpretation:
Interpretation of QEEG brain maps can have significant implications for understanding brain function and identifying any abnormalities or imbalances in your brain. By analyzing the brain’s activity levels, dominant and less dominant patterns, and communication between different brain areas, QEEG brain maps can provide valuable insights into the functioning of the human brain. This information can be used in various clinical and research settings, such as identifying neurological disorders, monitoring treatment progress, and optimizing cognitive performance.
Summary of how the QEEG map is analyzed:
QEEG brain maps are a powerful tool for interpreting and analyzing the functional activity of the brain. By analyzing the colors on the map, overall power and relative power of brain speeds, and parameters related to communication between brain areas, QEEG brain maps can provide valuable insights into brain function. Understanding the interpretation of QEEG brain maps can help in optimizing brain health, identifying neurological disorders, and improving cognitive and athletic performance.
The MBTI and qEEG Brain Mapping
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a widely used personality assessment that categorizes individuals into 16 distinct personality types based on four dichotomies: extraversion vs. introversion, sensing vs. intuition, thinking vs. feeling, and judging vs. perceiving. Quantitative EEG (qEEG) brain mapping is a diagnostic tool used to measure and map brainwave activity across different regions of the brain. Researchers have explored potential connections between these two domains to establish a relationship between them.
Several researchers have proposed that the various brainwave frequencies observed in a qEEG brain map may correspond to the functions identified in the MBTI. However, the precise relationship between qEEG brain waves and MBTI functions remains a subject of research and debate.
One proposed connection suggests that the alpha brainwave frequency, associated with relaxed wakefulness and meditation, is linked to the MBTI function of intuition. Alpha waves reflect a state of relaxed focus that fosters insight and creativity, which may facilitate the intuition function involving generating insights and making connections based on patterns and associations.
Another proposed connection suggests that the beta frequency, associated with focused attention and alertness, may correspond to the MBTI function of sensing. Beta waves reflect a state of focused attention that enables precise and detailed perception, potentially facilitating the sensing function of gathering data through the senses and paying attention to concrete details and facts.
Furthermore, the theta frequency, associated with daydreaming and creative states, is purported to correspond to the MBTI function of feeling. Theta waves reflect a state of relaxed and open awareness, fostering creative and imaginative thinking that may facilitate the feeling function of evaluating and assessing information based on personal values and emotional responses.
Likewise, the delta frequency, associated with deep sleep and unconscious processing, may correspond to the MBTI function of thinking. Delta waves reflect a state of unconscious processing that supports problem-solving and decision-making, potentially facilitating the thinking function of analyzing and evaluating information based on logic and reason.
However, it is important to note that while some correlations between qEEG brain waves and MBTI functions have been proposed, conclusive evidence for these connections is lacking. The brain is a complex and dynamic system, and it is unlikely that a single brainwave frequency can fully account for a specific cognitive or personality function. Additionally, the MBTI relies on self-report assessments, introducing biases and limitations.
Nonetheless, exploring the potential connections between the different brainwaves observed in a qEEG brain map and the functions identified in the MBTI can yield valuable insights into the relationship between brain activity and personality.
Trauma, Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Personality
Trauma has a profound impact on an individual’s psychological and physical well-being, potentially resulting in long-lasting effects. While genetics plays a significant role in shaping personality traits and behavior patterns, research has shown that environmental factors, including trauma, can also influence the expression of these traits. Recent studies have focused on understanding the complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, particularly how trauma can lead to changes in genetic expression.
One way trauma can influence genetic expression is through epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic changes are alterations in gene expression that do not involve modifications to the DNA sequence itself, but instead involve changes in the regulation of genes. Trauma can lead to epigenetic modifications that alter gene expression, resulting in the manifestation of symptoms associated with mental health conditions.
The Dresden study, conducted by scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Germany, examined the epigenetic changes that occur in individuals with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The study found that PTSD can lead to epigenetic modifications in genes associated with stress response,
Trauma and its Impact on Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Personality
Trauma is a widespread phenomenon that can have long-lasting effects on an individual’s psychological and physical well-being. While genetics plays a significant role in shaping personality traits and behavior, research indicates that environmental factors, including trauma, can also influence their expression. Recent studies have focused on understanding the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors, specifically how trauma can lead to changes in genetic expression.
Trauma’s influence on genetic expression is primarily mediated through epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic changes involve alterations in gene expression without modifications to the DNA sequence itself, but rather changes in gene regulation. Trauma can induce epigenetic modifications that alter gene expression, resulting in the manifestation of symptoms associated with mental health conditions.
The Dresden study, conducted by scientists at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Germany, examined the epigenetic changes occurring in individuals with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The study revealed that PTSD can trigger epigenetic modifications in genes associated with stress response, immune function, and neuronal signaling pathways. These changes can lead to alterations in brain function and structure, contributing to the development of PTSD symptoms.
Additionally, research has demonstrated that early childhood trauma can induce epigenetic changes in genes responsible for regulating the stress response system, increasing the risk of developing anxiety and depression. Similarly, trauma can impact the expression of genes related to addiction, rendering individuals more vulnerable to substance abuse and dependence.
Furthermore, trauma can result in changes in brain function and structure, leading to modified neural pathways underlying the expression of mental health symptoms. Studies have indicated that exposure to trauma can bring about alterations in brain regions responsible for emotional processing, consequently giving rise to anxiety and mood disorders.
However, it is important to acknowledge that environmental factors can also exert positive effects on brain function and structure. Neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to reorganize and establish new neural pathways, has been extensively studied in relation to Alzheimer’s disease. A study conducted by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco examined the brains of Catholic nuns who had donated their brains for research. The findings revealed that nuns with higher levels of education and cognitive stimulation throughout their lives had more substantial brain reserves and a reduced likelihood of developing Alzheimer’s disease. These findings suggest that environmental factors such as education and cognitive stimulation can influence brain function and structure, thereby safeguarding against the onset of Alzheimer’s disease.
Another study carried out by researchers at the University of Michigan observed that individuals with high scores in the trait of “neuroticism” were more prone to experiencing traumatic events and developing PTSD symptoms compared to those with low scores in neuroticism. Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by a tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and self-doubt.
In addition to personality, kindness and compassion can also influence the experience and manifestation of trauma-related symptoms. Research has shown that individuals who engage in acts of kindness and compassion towards themselves and others may be better equipped to cope with the effects of trauma. For instance, a study conducted at the University of Arizona demonstrated that individuals who practiced self-compassion were less likely to experience PTSD symptoms following a traumatic event. Similarly, another study found that individuals who engaged in acts of kindness towards others experienced lower levels of stress and anxiety.
These findings underscore the significance of considering the role of personality and positive psychological factors such as kindness and compassion in the experience and expression of trauma-related symptoms. While genetics may determine how an individual responds to trauma and subsequent mental health conditions, environmental factors such as personality traits and positive psychological factors also play a critical role in shaping the manifestation of these symptoms.

The History of Neurostimulation
Ancient World:
The history of neurostimulation spans ancient times to the present, with significant developments and pioneers driving its progress. Ancient civilizations, like the Greeks, experimented with electric sea creatures for treating ailments. In the Enlightenment era, medical electricity gained popularity, and researchers like Johann Gottlob Krüger and Matthias Bose explored its potential therapeutic applications.
Early History:
In the twentieth century, neurostimulation took significant strides. Dr. Albert Grass developed the first neurostimulator in the 1920s, leading to its use in treating epilepsy and chronic pain. Dr. G. W. Crile introduced electrical currents for chronic pain management, and Dr. Hans Selye explored the physiological responses of the nervous system to stress using electrical stimulation.
The 1950s saw the introduction of implanted neurostimulators, with Dr. William Sweet using implanted electrodes for chronic pain treatment. In 1967, the first spinal cord stimulator was developed, offering relief for chronic pain sufferers. The 1980s brought deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease, revolutionizing treatment options and improving patients’ quality of life.
Modern Advancements:
Modern advancements include non-invasive alternatives like transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which uses magnetic fields to treat depression. The early 2000s saw the introduction of non-invasive spinal cord stimulators, offering targeted pain relief without surgery. Closed-loop systems and real-time adjustments based on brain activity monitoring have opened doors for personalized and adaptive neurostimulation.
Pioneers in the Field of Neurostimulation:
Today, neurostimulation is widely used to treat various conditions, including chronic pain, epilepsy, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Notable pioneers in the field include Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Dr. Melvin D. Yahr, Dr. Alim-Louis Benabid, and Dr. Mark S. George. Their contributions have paved the way for advancements in neurostimulation technology, with ongoing research promising further breakthroughs and improved treatments for neurological disorders. Neurostimulation continues to hold great potential for enhancing the lives of patients and shaping the future of medical care.

Our Other Therapy Methods
How does qEEG Brain Mapping and Neurostimulation Treat ASD Autism in Children?
Identifying Abnormal Brain Activity:
qEEG can identify areas of abnormal brain activity in children with ASD. This information can be used to create an individualized treatment plan tailored to the specific needs of the child.
Personalized Treatment:
Neurostimulation can be used to target specific areas of the brain that are responsible for regulating mood, emotions, and social behavior. By stimulating these areas, neurostimulation can improve social interaction, reduce anxiety and hyperactivity, and improve overall mood and behavior.
Improved Outcomes:
Studies have shown that combining qEEG and neurostimulation can improve outcomes for children with ASD. One study found that children who received qEEG-guided neurostimulation showed significant improvements in social communication, social interaction, and overall behavior.
Early Intervention:
qEEG can detect changes in brain activity in children as young as two years old. This early detection can allow for early intervention and treatment, which can improve outcomes for children with ASD.
Non-Invasive:
Both qEEG and neurostimulation are non-invasive techniques that are safe and painless. They can be performed in a clinical setting and do not require any invasive procedures.
In summary, qEEG and neurostimulation are promising techniques for treating ASD in children. By identifying areas of abnormal brain activity and targeting specific areas of the brain with neurostimulation, clinicians can create personalized treatment plans that improve outcomes and quality of life for children with ASD.
Neurostimulation for ADHD and academic performance in teenagers and children:
The combination of qEEG brain mapping and neurostimulation holds immense potential for enhancing academic performance in teenagers and children. These advanced techniques offer a range of benefits that can significantly improve educational outcomes.
Attention and focus can be enhanced through neurostimulation, which precisely targets the brain areas responsible for these cognitive functions. Studies have shown that neurostimulation improves working memory, attention, and processing speed, leading to improved academic performance.
qEEG brain mapping enables a personalized approach by identifying areas of abnormal brain activity that may hinder academic performance. This information allows for tailored treatment plans that specifically address the underlying causes of academic difficulties.
Neurostimulation also reduces anxiety and stress by stimulating brain regions involved in mood regulation. This promotes a relaxed and focused state during academic tasks, enabling individuals to perform at their best.
Neurostimulation can optimize memory and learning capabilities by targeting brain regions associated with these cognitive processes. This facilitates improved long-term retention of academic material and enhances overall learning outcomes.
Both neurostimulation and qEEG techniques are non-invasive, ensuring a safe and painless experience. These procedures can be conducted in clinical settings or remotely, providing flexibility and convenience.
The integration of qEEG brain mapping and neurostimulation offers significant potential for maximizing academic performance in teenagers and children. By improving attention and focus, reducing anxiety and stress, enhancing memory and learning, and providing non-invasive solutions, these techniques empower individuals to excel academically and reach their full potential.
Enhancing Athletic Performance with qEEG and Neurostimulation
Utilizing qEEG and neurostimulation holds immense potential in optimizing athletic performance. Through the identification of performance-related brain wave patterns, qEEG enables the creation of personalized training plans that target specific areas of brain function crucial for athletic success.
One key aspect that can be improved is focus and attention. Neurostimulation techniques can stimulate the brain regions responsible for attention and focus, resulting in enhanced concentration during training and competition. By honing these cognitive abilities, athletes can elevate their performance to new heights.
Anxiety and Focus:
Another benefit lies in reducing anxiety and stress. Neurostimulation can effectively target the brain areas involved in mood regulation, leading to a decrease in anxiety and stress levels. This reduction in psychological burden can significantly enhance athletic performance, enabling athletes to perform at their best under pressure.
Physical Recovery:
Neurostimulation aids in the recovery process. By stimulating the brain regions responsible for rest and recovery, athletes can experience accelerated recovery times after intense training sessions or competitions. This promotes faster healing and rejuvenation, allowing athletes to bounce back quickly and maintain peak performance.
Non-Invasive:
Both qEEG and neurostimulation techniques are non-invasive, ensuring a safe and painless experience. These procedures can be conducted in a clinical setting or even remotely, providing convenience and accessibility for athletes.
The combined power of qEEG and neurostimulation presents a promising avenue for improving athletic performance. By identifying performance-related brain wave patterns, enhancing focus and attention, reducing anxiety and stress, promoting recovery, and offering non-invasive solutions, these techniques have the potential to propel athletes to new levels of excellence.

Evidence Based Practice and Research on the Efficacy of Neurostimulation and qEEG Brain Mapping
“Clinical QEEG and Neurotherapy” by Thomas F. Collura
State-of-the-art non-invasive brain–computer interface for neural rehabilitation: A review
Mental Imagery and Brain Regulation—New Links Between Psychotherapy and
The Low Energy Neurofeedback System (LENS): Theory, Background, and Introduction
EEG-Neurofeedback as a Tool to Modulate Cognition and Behavior: A Review Tutorial
PTSD Remediation with Neurofeedback
Editorial: Neuromodulation in Basic, Translational and Clinical Research in Psychiatry
Noninvasive and Invasive Neuromodulation for the Treatment of Tinnitus: An Overview
The use of EEG Biofeedback/Neurofeedback in psychiatric rehabilitation.
Revisiting the Potential of EEG Neurofeedback for Patients With Schizophrenia
Neurostimulation for Mixed Trauma Syndrome
Neuromodulatory Approaches for Depression, Adaptive Neurostimulation, and Emerging DBS Technologies
Double Trouble: Treatment Considerations for Patients with Comorbid PTSD and Depression
Neuro-stimulation Techniques for the Management of Anxiety Disorders: An Update
Peripheral nerve neurostimulation
CLINICAL TRIAL OF RESPONSIVE NEUROSTIMULATION OF THE AMYGDALA FOR TREATMENT
Defining focal brain stimulation targets for PTSD using neuroimaging
Proceedings of the 2020 ISNR Annual Conference: Keynote and Plenary Sessions