Shilajit for Mental Health
The Ancient Himalayan Adaptogen for Modern Minds
What is Shilajit?
Shilajit (pronounced shil-ah-jeet) is a natural, tar-like substance that oozes from high mountain rocks, primarily in the Himalayas. This ancient adaptogenic compound has been used for thousands of years in Ayurvedic medicine as a rejuvenator and anti-aging substance. Sometimes called "the destroyer of weakness," shilajit contains over 84 minerals and is rich in fulvic acid, a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound.
Formed over centuries through the decomposition of plant material by microorganisms, shilajit emerges as a complex phytocomplex packed with bioactive compounds that can support overall health and specifically target cognitive function and mental wellbeing.
In our modern world of chronic stress, anxiety, and rising mental health challenges, this ancient substance has found new relevance as a potential natural solution for cognitive health and emotional balance.
Origins and Formation of Shilajit
Shilajit is a Sanskrit word that means "conqueror of mountain" or "winner of rock." It is also known by other names including Salajit, Shilajatu, Mimie, Moomiyo, and Mummiyo. While primarily found in the Himalayan mountains between India and Nepal, it has also been discovered in Russia, Tibet, Afghanistan, and more recently in the mountains north of Chile (known as Andean Shilajit).
Researchers hypothesize that Shilajit is produced by the decomposition of plant species such as Euphorbia royleana and Trifolium repens. This decomposition occurs through centuries, making shilajit a millenary product of nature. Other studies have identified additional plant organisms that may generate shilajit, including molds like Barbula, Fissidens, Minium, and Thuidium and species such as Asterella, Dumortiera, Marchantia, Pellia, Plagiochasma, and Stephenrencella-Anthoceros.
Formation Process
Ancient Indian literature describes shilajit as the secretions of plant latex resin that ooze out of rock cracks under the intense heat of summer. It has a bitter taste and an unpleasant smell sometimes compared to cow's urine. Modern science confirms it is formed by the gradual decomposition of certain plants by the action of microorganisms over centuries.
Molecular Composition of Shilajit
Shilajit is primarily composed of humic substances, including fulvic acid, that account for around 60% to 80% of the total nutraceutical compound. The remaining composition includes various minerals, dibenzo-α-pyrones, and other bioactive compounds.
Humic Substances
Shilajit contains humin, humic acid, and fulvic acid. These are formed through the degradation of organic matter, mainly plant substances, resulting from microbial action. Fulvic acid is the most bioactive component with a low molecular weight (around 2 kDa), making it well absorbed in the intestinal tract.
Minerals & Trace Elements
Shilajit contains over 84 minerals and trace elements in ionic form, including iron, selenium, copper, and zinc. These minerals contribute to its therapeutic properties and support various bodily functions, including cognitive health.
Other Bioactive Compounds
Additional components include eldagic acid, fatty acids, resins, latex, gums, albumins, triterpenes, sterols, aromatic carboxylic acids, 3,4-benzocoumarins, amino acids, polyphenols, and phenolic lipids. Recent investigations have also identified specific molecular species of polysaccharides and lignins.
Fulvic Acid: The Primary Active Component
Fulvic acid is considered the main biologically active compound in shilajit. It acts as a powerful antioxidant and has been shown to have strong anti-inflammatory properties. Fulvic acid also functions as a carrier for other substances in the body, enhancing their bioavailability. Recent studies have shown that fulvic acid can block tau self-aggregation, opening potential applications for Alzheimer's disease therapy.
Types of Shilajit
Mineral Shilajit
Rich in minerals such as iron, copper, and magnesium, this type of shilajit is often found in the form of rock-like deposits. It provides excellent mineral supplementation but may be less soluble and more difficult to digest than other forms.
Plant-based Shilajit
Formed by the decomposition of plant matter, this type is often found in a powdery or resinous form. It contains a wide range of beneficial compounds such as humic and fulvic acids, enzymes, and trace minerals. It's considered the most potent and beneficial due to its high concentration of bioactive compounds and is easier to absorb.
Mixed Shilajit
As the name suggests, this type is a blend of both mineral and plant-based shilajit, offering a balanced composition of minerals and organic compounds. It provides a more comprehensive health support profile with elements from both mineral and plant sources.
Mental Health Benefits of Shilajit
Shilajit offers numerous benefits for mental health and cognitive function. Traditional Ayurvedic medicine has used it for centuries as a rejuvenator and to enhance longevity, but modern research is now uncovering its specific mechanisms of action on brain health.
Cognitive Protection
Research suggests that the fulvic acid in shilajit may help prevent tau protein buildup in the brain, a key factor in Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. Shilajit helps protect brain cells from damage and supports healthy neural function.
Stress Reduction
As an adaptogen, shilajit helps the body respond more effectively to stress. It may help regulate cortisol levels and support the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which controls our stress response system.
Mood Enhancement
Preliminary studies suggest shilajit may influence neurotransmitter balance, particularly serotonin and dopamine, which are crucial for mood regulation. This may help reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Energy & Fatigue Reduction
Shilajit has been shown to support mitochondrial function, enhancing cellular energy production. This may help combat chronic fatigue and boost mental and physical energy levels.
Sleep Support
By helping regulate stress hormones and supporting overall brain health, shilajit may contribute to improved sleep quality, which is essential for mental health and cognitive function.
Neuroplasticity Enhancement
Initial research indicates that shilajit may support neuroplasticity—the brain's ability to form new neural connections—potentially enhancing learning, memory, and cognitive flexibility.
Key Mental Health Impact Statistics
Shilajit for Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive brain disorder that causes problems with memory, behavior, and thinking. Some researchers believe that shilajit may help prevent or slow the progression of Alzheimer's based on its molecular composition.
How Shilajit May Help Alzheimer's
The primary component of shilajit is fulvic acid, a powerful antioxidant that may contribute to cognitive health by preventing the accumulation of tau protein. Tau proteins are an important part of the nervous system, but a buildup can trigger brain cell damage. Research published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found that fulvic acid from shilajit inhibits tau self-aggregation and shows potential for treating Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers think that the fulvic acid in shilajit may stop the abnormal buildup of tau protein and reduce inflammation, potentially improving Alzheimer's symptoms. Laboratory studies have shown that shilajit can protect brain cells and may enhance cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
Shilajit for Depression and Anxiety
Depression and anxiety are common mental health conditions affecting millions worldwide. Emerging research suggests shilajit may have beneficial effects on these conditions through multiple mechanisms.
Depression Support
Studies have shown that shilajit supplementation may reduce symptoms of depression. A study published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that shilajit supplementation reduced symptoms of depression in rats. Another study published in the Indian Journal of Psychiatry found that shilajit improved symptoms of depression in patients with bipolar disorder.
Anxiety Reduction
Preliminary studies suggest that shilajit may help reduce anxiety symptoms. A 2017 study published in the Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine found that shilajit supplementation reduced anxiety symptoms in rats. Its adaptogenic properties help the body better respond to stress, potentially reducing symptoms of anxiety and panic disorders.
Neurotransmitter Balance
Shilajit may influence the balance of key neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and GABA, which regulate mood, motivation, and stress response. People who suffer from depression often have low zinc levels, and shilajit contains natural zinc which is required by more than 300 enzymes in our bodies.
Ancient Ayurvedic Perspective
The Vata and Pitta doshas in the body are stimulated with the use of Shilajit, which keeps the serotonin level under control and proves helpful in overcoming or reducing multiple symptoms of anxiety such as nervousness, tension, and rigidity. Shilajit with ushan virya (hot power) has traditionally been used to fight against all nervous disorders.
Shilajit for Cognitive Function Enhancement
Cognitive decline is a natural part of aging, but it can also be accelerated by certain conditions. Shilajit has been shown to improve cognitive function in both healthy individuals and those with cognitive impairment.
Laboratory Evidence: Neuronal Growth
Laboratory studies on rat hippocampal cells showed that shilajit increased the percentage of cells with neuronal processes by 44% and increased process length by 49% compared to control groups. This suggests significant neurotrophic effects that could support brain development and regeneration.
The fulvic acid in shilajit has been shown to reduce inflammation in the brain, potentially enhancing cognitive function. A 2012 study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found that shilajit supplementation improved cognitive function in Alzheimer's patients.
| Cognitive Benefit | Mechanism of Action | Supporting Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Memory Enhancement | Prevention of tau protein aggregation | Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2012 |
| Increased Mental Clarity | Improved mitochondrial function | Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012 |
| Enhanced Focus | Neurotransmitter regulation | Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 1992 |
| Neuroplasticity Support | Growth of neuronal processes | Laboratory morphometric studies, 2012 |
Additional Mental Health Benefits
- Professional Burnout: Shilajit's energy-enhancing and stress-modulating properties may help professionals experiencing burnout and mental exhaustion.
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Research indicates that shilajit may help improve energy levels by supporting mitochondrial function and reducing cellular stress, potentially beneficial for those with chronic fatigue.
- ADHD & Focus Issues: Preliminary evidence suggests shilajit may support cognitive function and attention, potentially benefiting those with attention deficit disorders.
- High-altitude Mental Effects: Shilajit may help mitigate high-altitude symptoms such as insomnia, mental fatigue, and cognitive impairment by enhancing oxygen utilization and improving nutrient absorption.
- Sleep Quality: By helping regulate stress hormones and supporting overall brain health, shilajit may contribute to improved sleep quality, which is essential for mental health recovery.
Scientific Research on Shilajit
While shilajit has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine, modern scientific research is beginning to validate many of its traditional uses, particularly in the area of mental health and cognitive function.
Anti-Alzheimer's Properties
A 2011 study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease found that fulvic acid from shilajit inhibits aggregation and promotes disassembly of tau fibrils associated with Alzheimer's disease. This groundbreaking research suggests potential applications for preventing or treating neurodegenerative conditions.
Neuroprotective Effects
Research published in the International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease in 2012 classified shilajit as a natural phytocomplex with potential procognitive activity. The study highlighted its ability to prevent cellular damage and support neural health.
Memory and Anxiety Effects
A 1992 study in the Indian Journal of Pharmacology demonstrated that shilajit had positive effects on memory, anxiety, and brain monoamines in rats, suggesting potential applications for cognitive enhancement and anxiety reduction in humans.
Clinical Evidence for Mental Health Applications
| Study Focus | Research Findings | Publication |
|---|---|---|
| Tau Protein Inhibition | Fulvic acid from shilajit inhibits tau self-aggregation, reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease progression | Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2011 |
| Neuronal Growth | Shilajit increased the percentage of cells with neuronal processes by 44% and increased process length by 49% | International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2012 |
| Anxiety Effects | Shilajit supplementation reduced anxiety symptoms in animal models | Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 2017 |
| Depression Markers | Improved symptoms of depression in patients with bipolar disorder | Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 2015 |
| Cognitive Performance | Increased memory retention and learning ability in cognitive impairment models | Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012 |
Research Limitations
While promising, many studies on shilajit have been conducted in laboratory settings or with animal models. More large-scale human clinical trials are needed to fully establish its efficacy for mental health conditions. Despite what Ayurveda may say, most of shilajit's benefits do not have enough scientific evidence for their efficacy and safety in humans yet.
Future research directions include investigating shilajit's specific mechanisms of action, optimal dosing protocols for different mental health conditions, and potential synergistic effects when combined with other therapies or supplements.
How Shilajit Works for Mental Health
Shilajit's effects on mental health operate through several key biological mechanisms based on its unique composition of fulvic acid, minerals, and other bioactive compounds.
Neurotransmitter Regulation
Shilajit may influence the balance of key neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and GABA, which regulate mood, motivation, and stress response. Tyrosine, part of shilajit's amino acid formation, is a precursor to dopamine which is the precursor to norepinephrine.
Anti-inflammatory Action
The fulvic acid in shilajit reduces neuroinflammation, which is increasingly recognized as a contributor to depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. This anti-inflammatory effect helps protect brain cells from damage.
Antioxidant Protection
Shilajit's powerful antioxidant properties help neutralize free radicals that can damage brain cells and accelerate cognitive decline. Studies show it has a high ORAC index (between 50 and 500 Trolox units/g), substantially higher than many other antioxidant foods.
Mitochondrial Enhancement
By improving mitochondrial function, shilajit increases cellular energy production in the brain, supporting overall cognitive function and mental clarity. This is particularly important for brain cells, which have high energy demands.
HPA-Axis Regulation
As an adaptogen, shilajit helps modulate the body's stress response system (HPA axis), enabling more balanced reactions to stressors. It may help regulate cortisol levels and improve the body's adaptation to stress.
Mineral Delivery System
Shilajit acts as a carrier for minerals essential to brain function, delivering them in bioavailable forms to neural tissues. The fulvic acid in shilajit enhances the absorption and utilization of these nutrients.
GABA Enhancement for Anxiety Reduction
Shilajit has been shown in animal studies to boost levels of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Increasing GABA levels can help reduce the overburden on the brain that results in anxiety and stress, promoting a calmer mental state.
Impact on Chronic Fatigue and Mental Energy
CFS has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs when cells don't produce enough energy. A 2012 study found that shilajit helped reduce the effects of chronic fatigue syndrome in lab rats. Researchers believe this was the result of shilajit helping to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, which could translate to improved mental energy and reduced brain fog in humans.
Shilajit Dosage Guide for Mental Health
The appropriate dosage of shilajit varies based on individual factors such as age, weight, and the specific mental health condition being addressed. Always consult with a healthcare provider before beginning any supplement regimen.
Recommended Dosage Guidelines
| Purpose | Recommended Dosage | Timing | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Mental Wellness | 250-500 mg | Once daily | Best taken with warm milk or water in the morning |
| Stress & Anxiety | 500-750 mg | Twice daily | Morning dose on empty stomach, evening dose 1 hour before sleep |
| Cognitive Support | 500-1000 mg | Once daily | Best taken with a healthy fat source for improved absorption |
| Depression Support | 500-1000 mg | Twice daily | Consult healthcare provider; may take 3-4 weeks for full effects |
Administration Methods
Shilajit is available in several forms:
- Shilajit resin: Place the recommended amount under your tongue and let it dissolve, or dissolve it in warm water, milk, tea, or other beverages.
- Shilajit tablets or capsules: Take one a day, or as per manufacturer's directions. Best taken on an empty stomach in the morning.
- Shilajit liquid or powder: Dissolve the recommended amount in a beverage and drink it.
Most doctors recommend a small amount of shilajit dosage (250-1000 mg) can be used along with milk and water two times a day, one on an empty stomach while the other before going to sleep. Generally, the recommended dosage ranges from 250-1000 mg per day.
Important Dosage Notes:
- Start with the lowest effective dose and gradually increase as needed
- Individual responses vary - adjust based on your body's reaction
- Take consistently for at least 8-12 weeks to evaluate full benefits
- Always use purified shilajit products from reputable sources
- Consult with a healthcare provider before starting, especially if taking medications
Safety Considerations and Precautions
While shilajit has been used safely for centuries in traditional medicine, there are important safety considerations to keep in mind before adding it to your mental health regimen.
Important Safety Information
Shilajit is generally considered safe when used appropriately, but please consider these precautions:
- Raw shilajit warning: Never consume raw or unprocessed shilajit as it may contain contaminants, heavy metals, free radicals, mycotoxins, polymeric quinones, and other harmful substances.
- Quality matters: Only purchase purified shilajit from reputable sources with quality testing. Recent studies indicate that several Ayurvedic products including shilajit may contain detectable heavy metal levels such as lead, mercury, and arsenic.
- Medical conditions: Do not take shilajit if you have sickle cell anemia, hemochromatosis (too much iron in your blood), or thalassemia due to its high iron content.
- Pregnancy and nursing: Not recommended during pregnancy or while breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data.
- Medication interactions: May interact with certain medications, particularly anti-diabetic drugs, as it may further lower blood sugar levels.
- Allergic reactions: Discontinue use and seek medical attention if you experience rash, increased heart rate, or dizziness.
Potential Side Effects
Though generally well-tolerated, some individuals may experience side effects from shilajit supplementation:
- Stomach upset: Particularly in people with sensitive stomachs
- Headaches and migraines: Some users report headaches when starting supplementation
- Allergic reactions: Skin rashes or other allergic symptoms may occur in sensitive individuals
- Blood sugar effects: May reduce blood sugar levels, which could be problematic if taking anti-diabetic medications
- Iron overload: Due to its high iron content, long-term use could potentially lead to iron toxicity in susceptible individuals
Who Should Avoid Taking Shilajit?
People with Iron-Related Disorders
Individuals with thalassemia, hemochromatosis, or sickle cell anemia should avoid shilajit due to its high iron content, which could worsen these conditions.
Children and Pregnant Women
Due to limited safety data, children and pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid shilajit supplements until more research is available.
Pre-Surgery Patients
Individuals scheduled to have surgery should avoid shilajit for at least 2 weeks prior, as it can interfere with blood sugar control during and after surgery.
People with Gout
People with gout or a history of uric acid kidney stones should use caution, as shilajit may increase uric acid levels in some individuals.
Consult a Healthcare Provider
Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before beginning supplementation with shilajit, particularly if you have existing health conditions or are taking medications. While many benefits have been observed in traditional use and preliminary studies, individual responses can vary significantly.
Frequently Asked Questions about Shilajit for Mental Health
The timeframe for experiencing mental health benefits from shilajit varies by individual. Some people report improved energy and mental clarity within days, while more substantial effects on mood, anxiety, and cognitive function typically develop over 4-8 weeks of consistent use. For neurological conditions like Alzheimer's, studies suggest that longer-term use (3-6 months) may be necessary before significant benefits are observed.
Shilajit may interact with certain medications, including those used for mental health conditions. It's essential to consult with your healthcare provider before combining shilajit with any prescription medications, particularly antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, mood stabilizers, or stimulants used for ADHD. Your doctor can advise on potential interactions and whether shilajit is appropriate for your specific situation.
While many adaptogens support mental health, shilajit is unique in its rich mineral content and high concentration of fulvic acid. Unlike plant-based adaptogens such as ashwagandha or rhodiola, which primarily contain specific plant compounds, shilajit is a complex substance formed over centuries from decomposed plant matter. Its unique composition allows it to potentially address multiple aspects of mental health simultaneously, including tau protein aggregation, mitochondrial function, and neurotransmitter balance.
While there aren't specific studies on shilajit for seasonal affective disorder, its adaptogenic properties and potential effects on neurotransmitter balance may help alleviate some symptoms. Shilajit's reported benefits for energy, mood, and stress resilience could be supportive during seasonal mood changes. However, established treatments like light therapy, vitamin D supplementation, and prescribed medications remain the primary approaches for SAD.
Quality shilajit should be purified and tested for contaminants. Look for products that provide third-party testing results for heavy metals, mycotoxins, and other potential contaminants. Authentic shilajit has a distinctive bitter taste and strong smell, and typically comes in a resin form that's sticky and dark brown to black in color. Products should specify the percentage of fulvic acid (typically 60-80% in high-quality shilajit) and provide information about their sourcing and purification methods.
While research specifically on shilajit for long COVID symptoms is limited, its potential benefits for cognitive function, mitochondrial health, and inflammation may be supportive for those experiencing brain fog and concentration difficulties. Some preliminary research suggests that the fulvic acid in shilajit may help reduce neuroinflammation, which has been implicated in cognitive symptoms of long COVID. As with any supplement approach to long COVID, it's important to work with healthcare providers familiar with your specific situation.
Important Disclaimers
The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen, particularly if you have existing health conditions or are taking medications.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Hardy Nutritionals' products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Affiliate Disclosure: Taproot Therapy Collective LLC, Blackstock LLC and Taproot Property LLC are separate companies unaffiliated with Hardy Nutritionals. We may receive commissions on sales using our offer code but are not liable for Hardy Nutritionals' products or services. Our affiliate relationship with Hardy Nutritionals is disclosed in compliance with Federal Trade Commission (FTC) guidelines for affiliate relationships. This relationship does not influence our clinical recommendations or therapeutic approach. The well-being of our clients remains our top priority, and we only recommend products we believe may genuinely benefit our clients.
It is important to note that while we strive to provide accurate and helpful information about nutritional supplements, we do not make claims that any supplement can treat, cure, or prevent any specific mental health condition. Treatment decisions should always be made in consultation with qualified healthcare providers. In the state of Alabama, licensed mental health professionals are bound by specific scope of practice regulations, and we adhere to these guidelines in all our professional activities.
Scientific References
- Carrasco-Gallardo C, Guzmán L, Maccioni RB. Shilajit: a natural phytocomplex with potential procognitive activity. Int J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;2012:674142.
- Cornejo A, Jiménez JM, Caballero L, Melo F, Maccioni RB. Fulvic acid inhibits aggregation and promotes disassembly of tau fibrils associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;27(1):143-53.
- Ghosal S, Lal J, Singh SK, Goel RK, Jaiswal AK, Bhattacharya SK. The need for formulation of Shilajit by its isolated active constituents. Phytother Res. 1991;5(5):211-6.
- Meena H, Pandey HK, Arya MC, Ahmed Z. Shilajit: A panacea for high-altitude problems. Int J Ayurveda Res. 2010;1(1):37-40.
- Stohs SJ. Safety and efficacy of shilajit (mumie, moomiyo). Phytother Res. 2014;28(4):475-9.
- Velmurugan C, Vivek B, Wilson E, Bharathi T, Sundaram T. Evaluation of safety profile of black shilajit after 91 days repeated administration in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(3):210-4.
- Wilson E, Rajamanickam GV, Dubey GP, et al. Review on shilajit used in traditional Indian medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;136(1):1-9.
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